1. Ann Ital Chir. 2016;87:129-37. Jugular diameter and venous reflux. Mandolesi S, d'Alessandro A, Niglio T, Bruno A, Bernardo B, Mandolesi D, Caroli A, d'Alessandro A, Fedele F. OBJECTIVES: Aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of reflux on internal jugular veins(IJV) by Valsalva maneuver and to define the association between reflux of IJV in subjects with both CCSVI and MS. METHODS: We recruited 393 patients with MS and CCSVI. Study participants underwent EchoColor Doppler exam in order to define IJV diameter at confluence in subclavian (JSd). Subjects were divided in three groups: group "1